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This section is designed to measure your ability to read and understand short passages similar in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American universities and colleges.
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Read the following passage:
John Quincy Adams, who served as the sixth president of the United States from 1825 to 1829, is today recognized for his masterful statesmanship and diplomacy. He dedicated his life to public service, both in the presidency and in the various other political offices that he e held. Throughout his political career he demonstrated his unswerving belief in freedom of speech, the antislavery cause, and the right of Americans to be free from European and Asian domination.
To what did John Quincy Adams devote his life?
(A) Improving his personal life
(B) Serving the public
(C) Increasing his fortune
(D) Working on his private business
According to the passage, John Quincy Adams “dedicated his life to public service.” Therefore, you should choose (B).
Now begin the work with the questions
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Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The Woodstock Music and Art Fair—better known to its participants and to history simply as “Woodstock”—should have been a colossal failure. Just a month prior to its August 15, 1969 opening, the council of Wallkill, New York, informed the fair’s organizers that it was with drawing its permission to hold the festival.
Amazingly, the organizers found a new site, a large field in Wood-stock, New York, owned by a local dairy farmer. Word spread to the public of the fair’s new location. The event drew a larger audience than the organizers had expected. On the first day of the fair, crowd estimates of 30,000 kept rising; traffic jams blocked most roads leading to the area. Some musicians could not reach the site to appear at their scheduled times. In addition, fences that were supposed to facilitate ticket collection never materialized, so the organizers abandoned all attempts at taking tickets.
But that was not all: as the large crowd gathered, so did summer storm clouds. It started raining on opening night and continued for much of the three-day event. To deal with the crowd, which reached an estimated 500,000 by the third day, helicopters flew in food, doctors, and medical supplies.
Despite all of its problems, the festival featured some of the greatest musicians of the 1960s, including Janis Joplin; Joan Baez; Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young; Sly and the Family Stone; Creedence Clear-water Revival; and Jimi Hendrix. Today many people think of Wood-stock not only as a milestone for rock music but as the defining moment
for an entire generation.
The main idea of this passage is best expressed in which sentence?
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The Woodstock Music and Art Fair—better known to its participants and to history simply as “Woodstock”—should have been a colossal failure. Just a month prior to its August 15, 1969 opening, the council of Wallkill, New York, informed the fair’s organizers that it was with drawing its permission to hold the festival.
Amazingly, the organizers found a new site, a large field in Wood-stock, New York, owned by a local dairy farmer. Word spread to the public of the fair’s new location. The event drew a larger audience than the organizers had expected. On the first day of the fair, crowd estimates of 30,000 kept rising; traffic jams blocked most roads leading to the area. Some musicians could not reach the site to appear at their scheduled times. In addition, fences that were supposed to facilitate ticket collection never materialized, so the organizers abandoned all attempts at taking tickets.
But that was not all: as the large crowd gathered, so did summer storm clouds. It started raining on opening night and continued for much of the three-day event. To deal with the crowd, which reached an estimated 500,000 by the third day, helicopters flew in food, doctors, and medical supplies.
Despite all of its problems, the festival featured some of the greatest musicians of the 1960s, including Janis Joplin; Joan Baez; Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young; Sly and the Family Stone; Creedence Clear-water Revival; and Jimi Hendrix. Today many people think of Wood-stock not only as a milestone for rock music but as the defining moment
for an entire generation.
What was the final crowd estimate?
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The Woodstock Music and Art Fair—better known to its participants and to history simply as “Woodstock”—should have been a colossal failure. Just a month prior to its August 15, 1969 opening, the council of Wallkill, New York, informed the fair’s organizers that it was with drawing its permission to hold the festival.
Amazingly, the organizers found a new site, a large field in Wood-stock, New York, owned by a local dairy farmer. Word spread to the public of the fair’s new location. The event drew a larger audience than the organizers had expected. On the first day of the fair, crowd estimates of 30,000 kept rising; traffic jams blocked most roads leading to the area. Some musicians could not reach the site to appear at their scheduled times. In addition, fences that were supposed to facilitate ticket collection never materialized, so the organizers abandoned all attempts at taking tickets.
But that was not all: as the large crowd gathered, so did summer storm clouds. It started raining on opening night and continued for much of the three-day event. To deal with the crowd, which reached an estimated 500,000 by the third day, helicopters flew in food, doctors, and medical supplies.
Despite all of its problems, the festival featured some of the greatest musicians of the 1960s, including Janis Joplin; Joan Baez; Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young; Sly and the Family Stone; Creedence Clear-water Revival; and Jimi Hendrix. Today many people think of Wood-stock not only as a milestone for rock music but as the defining moment
for an entire generation.
Which of the following was NOT a problem faced by the event’s organizers?
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The Woodstock Music and Art Fair—better known to its participants and to history simply as “Woodstock”—should have been a colossal failure. Just a month prior to its August 15, 1969 opening, the council of Wallkill, New York, informed the fair’s organizers that it was with drawing its permission to hold the festival.
Amazingly, the organizers found a new site, a large field in Wood-stock, New York, owned by a local dairy farmer. Word spread to the public of the fair’s new location. The event drew a larger audience than the organizers had expected. On the first day of the fair, crowd estimates of 30,000 kept rising; traffic jams blocked most roads leading to the area. Some musicians could not reach the site to appear at their scheduled times. In addition, fences that were supposed to facilitate ticket collection never materialized, so the organizers abandoned all attempts at taking tickets.
But that was not all: as the large crowd gathered, so did summer storm clouds. It started raining on opening night and continued for much of the three-day event. To deal with the crowd, which reached an estimated 500,000 by the third day, helicopters flew in food, doctors, and medical supplies.
Despite all of its problems, the festival featured some of the greatest musicians of the 1960s, including Janis Joplin; Joan Baez; Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young; Sly and the Family Stone; Creedence Clear-water Revival; and Jimi Hendrix. Today many people think of Wood-stock not only as a milestone for rock music but as the defining moment for an entire generation.
The phrase defining moment in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by which word or phrase?
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The Woodstock Music and Art Fair—better known to its participants and to history simply as “Woodstock”—should have been a colossal failure. Just a month prior to its August 15, 1969 opening, the council of Wallkill, New York, informed the fair’s organizers that it was with drawing its permission to hold the festival.
Amazingly, the organizers found a new site, a large field in Wood-stock, New York, owned by a local dairy farmer. Word spread to the public of the fair’s new location. The event drew a larger audience than the organizers had expected. On the first day of the fair, crowd estimates of 30,000 kept rising; traffic jams blocked most roads leading to the area. Some musicians could not reach the site to appear at their scheduled times. In addition, fences that were supposed to facilitate ticket collection never materialized, so the organizers abandoned all attempts at taking tickets.
But that was not all: as the large crowd gathered, so did summer storm clouds. It started raining on opening night and continued for much of the three-day event. To deal with the crowd, which reached an estimated 500,000 by the third day, helicopters flew in food, doctors, and medical supplies.
Despite all of its problems, the festival featured some of the greatest musicians of the 1960s, including Janis Joplin; Joan Baez; Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young; Sly and the Family Stone; Creedence Clear-water Revival; and Jimi Hendrix. Today many people think of Wood-stock not only as a milestone for rock music but as the defining moment for an entire generation.
Where in the passage does the author describe the weather conditions during the event?
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The Woodstock Music and Art Fair—better known to its participants and to history simply as “Woodstock”—should have been a colossal failure. Just a month prior to its August 15, 1969 opening, the council of Wallkill, New York, informed the fair’s organizers that it was with drawing its permission to hold the festival.
Amazingly, the organizers found a new site, a large field in Wood-stock, New York, owned by a local dairy farmer. Word spread to the public of the fair’s new location. The event drew a larger audience than the organizers had expected. On the first day of the fair, crowd estimates of 30,000 kept rising; traffic jams blocked most roads leading to the area. Some musicians could not reach the site to appear at their scheduled times. In addition, fences that were supposed to facilitate ticket collection never materialized, so the organizers abandoned all attempts at taking tickets.
But that was not all: as the large crowd gathered, so did summer storm clouds. It started raining on opening night and continued for much of the three-day event. To deal with the crowd, which reached an estimated 500,000 by the third day, helicopters flew in food, doctors, and medical supplies.
Despite all of its problems, the festival featured some of the greatest musicians of the 1960s, including Janis Joplin; Joan Baez; Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young; Sly and the Family Stone; Creedence Clear-water Revival; and Jimi Hendrix. Today many people think of Wood-stock not only as a milestone for rock music but as the defining moment for an entire generation.
The word facilitate in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The Woodstock Music and Art Fair—better known to its participants and to history simply as “Woodstock”—should have been a colossal failure. Just a month prior to its August 15, 1969 opening, the council of Wallkill, New York, informed the fair’s organizers that it was with drawing its permission to hold the festival.
Amazingly, the organizers found a new site, a large field in Wood-stock, New York, owned by a local dairy farmer. Word spread to the public of the fair’s new location. The event drew a larger audience than the organizers had expected. On the first day of the fair, crowd estimates of 30,000 kept rising; traffic jams blocked most roads leading to the area. Some musicians could not reach the site to appear at their scheduled times. In addition, fences that were supposed to facilitate ticket collection never materialized, so the organizers abandoned all attempts at taking tickets.
But that was not all: as the large crowd gathered, so did summer storm clouds. It started raining on opening night and continued for much of the three-day event. To deal with the crowd, which reached an estimated 500,000 by the third day, helicopters flew in food, doctors, and medical supplies.
Despite all of its problems, the festival featured some of the greatest musicians of the 1960s, including Janis Joplin; Joan Baez; Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young; Sly and the Family Stone; Creedence Clear-water Revival; and Jimi Hendrix. Today many people think of Wood-stock not only as a milestone for rock music but as the defining moment for an entire generation.
What does the author mean by the statement “the Woodstock Music and Art Fair should have been a colossal failure?”
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The Woodstock Music and Art Fair—better known to its participants and to history simply as “Woodstock”—should have been a colossal failure. Just a month prior to its August 15, 1969 opening, the council of Wallkill, New York, informed the fair’s organizers that it was with drawing its permission to hold the festival.
Amazingly, the organizers found a new site, a large field in Wood-stock, New York, owned by a local dairy farmer. Word spread to the public of the fair’s new location. The event drew a larger audience than the organizers had expected. On the first day of the fair, crowd estimates of 30,000 kept rising; traffic jams blocked most roads leading to the area. Some musicians could not reach the site to appear at their scheduled times. In addition, fences that were supposed to facilitate ticket collection never materialized, so the organizers abandoned all attempts at taking tickets.
But that was not all: as the large crowd gathered, so did summer storm clouds. It started raining on opening night and continued for much of the three-day event. To deal with the crowd, which reached an estimated 500,000 by the third day, helicopters flew in food, doctors, and medical supplies.
Despite all of its problems, the festival featured some of the greatest musicians of the 1960s, including Janis Joplin; Joan Baez; Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young; Sly and the Family Stone; Creedence Clear-water Revival; and Jimi Hendrix. Today many people think of Wood-stock not only as a milestone for rock music but as the defining moment for an entire generation.
The passage suggests that
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The largest of the world’s 17 penguin species, emperor penguins stand nearly four feet and weigh up to 90 pounds. These sea birds never set foot on dry land. (1) An estimated 200,000 breeding pairs live in about 40 penguin colonies scattered along the coasts of Antarctica. (2) Their waterproofed feathers, flipper-like wings, and streamlined bodies make them excellent swimmers and divers. On ice they can travel distances up to 50 miles by “tobogganing”—gliding on their stomachs while pushing with their wings and feet.
(3) Emperor penguins breed during the Antarctic winter in some of the world’s most severe weather conditions (temperatures of –80 F and winds up to 112 miles per hour). Breeding during the winter allows chicks to mature in midsummer when food is plentiful. After the female lays a single egg, the male holds it in a fold of skin near his feet for a two-month incubation period. During this time he huddles with other males to keep warm. (4) The male moves very little and does not eat, usually losing up to a third of his body weight. Meanwhile the females go to sea and dive for fish so that when they return they can feed and care for the newly hatched chicks. After the male restores his body weight, both parents take turns caring for their young.
The world’s emperor penguin population declined in the last 50 years due to a period of warming ocean temperatures. Warm water shrinks ice cover and reduces the population of krill—a small crustacean that is the emperor penguin’s staple food. Today the emperor penguin population has stabilized, but warming trends could again threaten this magnificent sea bird.
What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The largest of the world’s 17 penguin species, emperor penguins stand nearly four feet and weigh up to 90 pounds. These sea birds never set foot on dry land. (1) An estimated 200,000 breeding pairs live in about 40 penguin colonies scattered along the coasts of Antarctica. (2) Their waterproofed feathers, flipper-like wings, and streamlined bodies make them excellent swimmers and divers. On ice they can travel distances up to 50 miles by “tobogganing”—gliding on their stomachs while pushing with their wings and feet.
(3) Emperor penguins breed during the Antarctic winter in some of the world’s most severe weather conditions (temperatures of –80 F and winds up to 112 miles per hour). Breeding during the winter allows chicks to mature in midsummer when food is plentiful. After the female lays a single egg, the male holds it in a fold of skin near his feet for a two-month incubation period. During this time he huddles with other males to keep warm. (4) The male moves very little and does not eat, usually losing up to a third of his body weight. Meanwhile the females go to sea and dive for fish so that when they return they can feed and care for the newly hatched chicks. After the male restores his body weight, both parents take turns caring for their young.
The world’s emperor penguin population declined in the last 50 years due to a period of warming ocean temperatures. Warm water shrinks ice cover and reduces the population of krill—a small crustacean that is the emperor penguin’s staple food. Today the emperor penguin population has stabilized, but warming trends could again threaten this magnificent sea bird.
Which of the following is NOT true of the emperor penguin?
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The largest of the world’s 17 penguin species, emperor penguins stand nearly four feet and weigh up to 90 pounds. These sea birds never set foot on dry land. (1) An estimated 200,000 breeding pairs live in about 40 penguin colonies scattered along the coasts of Antarctica. (2) Their waterproofed feathers, flipper-like wings, and streamlined bodies make them excellent swimmers and divers. On ice they can travel distances up to 50 miles by “tobogganing”—gliding on their stomachs while pushing with their wings and feet.
(3) Emperor penguins breed during the Antarctic winter in some of the world’s most severe weather conditions (temperatures of –80 F and winds up to 112 miles per hour). Breeding during the winter allows chicks to mature in midsummer when food is plentiful. After the female lays a single egg, the male holds it in a fold of skin near his feet for a two-month incubation period. During this time he huddles with other males to keep warm. (4) The male moves very little and does not eat, usually losing up to a third of his body weight. Meanwhile the females go to sea and dive for fish so that when they return they can feed and care for the newly hatched chicks. After the male restores his body weight, both parents take turns caring for their young.
The world’s emperor penguin population declined in the last 50 years due to a period of warming ocean temperatures. Warm water shrinks ice cover and reduces the population of krill—a small crustacean that is the emperor penguin’s staple food. Today the emperor penguin population has stabilized, but warming trends could again threaten this magnificent sea bird.
The word stabilized in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The largest of the world’s 17 penguin species, emperor penguins stand nearly four feet and weigh up to 90 pounds. These sea birds never set foot on dry land. (1) An estimated 200,000 breeding pairs live in about 40 penguin colonies scattered along the coasts of Antarctica. (2) Their waterproofed feathers, flipper-like wings, and streamlined bodies make them excellent swimmers and divers. On ice they can travel distances up to 50 miles by “tobogganing”—gliding on their stomachs while pushing with their wings and feet.
(3) Emperor penguins breed during the Antarctic winter in some of the world’s most severe weather conditions (temperatures of –80 F and winds up to 112 miles per hour). Breeding during the winter allows chicks to mature in midsummer when food is plentiful. After the female lays a single egg, the male holds it in a fold of skin near his feet for a two-month incubation period. During this time he huddles with other males to keep warm. (4) The male moves very little and does not eat, usually losing up to a third of his body weight. Meanwhile the females go to sea and dive for fish so that when they return they can feed and care for the newly hatched chicks. After the male restores his body weight, both parents take turns caring for their young.
The world’s emperor penguin population declined in the last 50 years due to a period of warming ocean temperatures. Warm water shrinks ice cover and reduces the population of krill—a small crustacean that is the emperor penguin’s staple food. Today the emperor penguin population has stabilized, but warming trends could again threaten this magnificent sea bird.
The passage suggests that
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The largest of the world’s 17 penguin species, emperor penguins stand nearly four feet and weigh up to 90 pounds. These sea birds never set foot on dry land. (1) An estimated 200,000 breeding pairs live in about 40 penguin colonies scattered along the coasts of Antarctica. (2) Their waterproofed feathers, flipper-like wings, and streamlined bodies make them excellent swimmers and divers. On ice they can travel distances up to 50 miles by “tobogganing”—gliding on their stomachs while pushing with their wings and feet.
(3) Emperor penguins breed during the Antarctic winter in some of the world’s most severe weather conditions (temperatures of –80 F and winds up to 112 miles per hour). Breeding during the winter allows chicks to mature in midsummer when food is plentiful. After the female lays a single egg, the male holds it in a fold of skin near his feet for a two-month incubation period. During this time he huddles with other males to keep warm. (4) The male moves very little and does not eat, usually losing up to a third of his body weight. Meanwhile the females go to sea and dive for fish so that when they return they can feed and care for the newly hatched chicks. After the male restores his body weight, both parents take turns caring for their young.
The world’s emperor penguin population declined in the last 50 years due to a period of warming ocean temperatures. Warm water shrinks ice cover and reduces the population of krill—a small crustacean that is the emperor penguin’s staple food. Today the emperor penguin population has stabilized, but warming trends could again threaten this magnificent sea bird.
What makes up the staple diet of the emperor penguin?
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The largest of the world’s 17 penguin species, emperor penguins stand nearly four feet and weigh up to 90 pounds. These sea birds never set foot on dry land. (1) An estimated 200,000 breeding pairs live in about 40 penguin colonies scattered along the coasts of Antarctica. (2) Their waterproofed feathers, flipper-like wings, and streamlined bodies make them excellent swimmers and divers. On ice they can travel distances up to 50 miles by “tobogganing”—gliding on their stomachs while pushing with their wings and feet.
(3) Emperor penguins breed during the Antarctic winter in some of the world’s most severe weather conditions (temperatures of –80 F and winds up to 112 miles per hour). Breeding during the winter allows chicks to mature in midsummer when food is plentiful. After the female lays a single egg, the male holds it in a fold of skin near his feet for a two-month incubation period. During this time he huddles with other males to keep warm. (4) The male moves very little and does not eat, usually losing up to a third of his body weight. Meanwhile the females go to sea and dive for fish so that when they return they can feed and care for the newly hatched chicks. After the male restores his body weight, both parents take turns caring for their young.
The world’s emperor penguin population declined in the last 50 years due to a period of warming ocean temperatures. Warm water shrinks ice cover and reduces the population of krill—a small crustacean that is the emperor penguin’s staple food. Today the emperor penguin population has stabilized, but warming trends could again threaten this magnificent sea bird.
Where in the passage does the author describe the characteristics that make emperor penguins excellent swimmers?
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
The largest of the world’s 17 penguin species, emperor penguins stand nearly four feet and weigh up to 90 pounds. These sea birds never set foot on dry land. (1) An estimated 200,000 breeding pairs live in about 40 penguin colonies scattered along the coasts of Antarctica. (2) Their waterproofed feathers, flipper-like wings, and streamlined bodies make them excellent swimmers and divers. On ice they can travel distances up to 50 miles by “tobogganing”—gliding on their stomachs while pushing with their wings and feet.
(3) Emperor penguins breed during the Antarctic winter in some of the world’s most severe weather conditions (temperatures of –80 F and winds up to 112 miles per hour). Breeding during the winter allows chicks to mature in midsummer when food is plentiful. After the female lays a single egg, the male holds it in a fold of skin near his feet for a two-month incubation period. During this time he huddles with other males to keep warm. (4) The male moves very little and does not eat, usually losing up to a third of his body weight. Meanwhile the females go to sea and dive for fish so that when they return they can feed and care for the newly hatched chicks. After the male restores his body weight, both parents take turns caring for their young.
The world’s emperor penguin population declined in the last 50 years due to a period of warming ocean temperatures. Warm water shrinks ice cover and reduces the population of krill—a small crustacean that is the emperor penguin’s staple food. Today the emperor penguin population has stabilized, but warming trends could again threaten this magnificent sea bird.
Why do male emperor penguins form a huddle?
